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Source: wanaka-info.co.nz/
This area, like many others in the Otago Province has had mixed fortunes since it was first settled by Europeans in the 1850's. The area has had the goldrushes, the timbermills, the farming, but always it has been a visitor destination because of the climate.
Initially the commercial hub of the area was centred around Albert Town On the Clutha River. As this was the only safe place to ford the river, it had a great deal of importance for the outlying areas. It was the 1870's that Pembroke (Wanaka's former name until 1940), began to take over as the focal point. it was in these early days that timbermilling in the Matukituki and Makarora River Valleys was of great importance to the economy of the area. timber was most often brought down the lake in huge rafts under sail and ultimately manoeuvred down the Clutha River to points downstream.
Some of this timber was however destined to come only part way down the lake to Pigeon Island (subsequently named Harwich Island and now named Mou Waho). One Alfred Pinn built a cottage on Pigeon Island in 1863 and supervised a boat building enterprise there.
In 1869 the Eureka - a 40 ton schooner, was launched from the island and later in 1874 the Nun - a 50 tonner, was launched. From that time on there has been a succession of boats plying the lake but the importance of these craft has diminished considerably since the opening of SH6 along the side of the lake.
Tourism really started in the area when Theodore Russell built the first hotel on the site of the present Cliffords Hotel in 1867. From that time Wanaka has become more and more popular as a holiday destination, especially for New Zealanders, until the last fifteen to twenty years it has become very much an international resort as well. the opening of skifields in the area from the mid 1970's has made a great difference to Wanaka, making it truly a year round resort.
Wanaka has a permanent population approaching two thousand and a maximum influx of visitors over the New Year period, estimated to be around twenty five thousand. There is also an influx of visitors over the winter period for skiing with a peak in early September of around ten thousand.
It is the low humidity climate that has made Wanaka so popular. Temperatures of around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), are quite common in summer with cooler temperatures down to -8 degrees celsuis in winter. However the daytime temperature in Winter is normally above zero and the lake surface does not freeze. The town is very popular as a retirement haven with around 30 to 40 percent of the population being over 50 years old.
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